| Abstract | [Introduction]
For the last decade or so, the author has been engaged in empirical research on the small, unnotated variations in musical sound patterns that convey what is commonly referred to as expression in performance. The work has focused on piano performance, in part for methodological reasons and in part because the author is a pianist himself. Among the several parameters of expression, timing (rubato) has received the greatest attention. This paper summarizes the results of recent studies which have yielded four kids of empirical evidence converging on a single hypothesis: that musical structures have specific timing implications which constrain the considerable variety of expressive timing patterns observed in individual performances. |