| Abstract | The motion of the tongue can be analysed in a variety of ways: curved motion of individual points on the surface, change in the activations of muscles, change of curvature in the dorsum and tip, change in area-function, and change in formant pattern. Each of these descriptions provides a corrdinate reference frame with which to describe the motion of the tongue. But how are these different descriptions related to each other? And which of these coordinate frames is used to control tongue movement? In this paper, I propose a task-dynamic framework in which to relate the different descriptions by coordinate transformations between the levels. |